Plato vs. Aristotle Essay

Plato and Aristotle, two philosophers in the 4th century, hold polar views on politics and philosophy in general. This fact is very cleverly illustrated by Raphael’s â€Å"School of Athens† (1510-11; Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican), where Plato is portrayed looking up to the higher forms; and Aristotle is pointing down because he supports the natural sciences. In a discussion of politics, the stand point of each philosopher becomes an essential factor. It is not coincidental that Plato states in The Republic that Philosopher Rulers who possess knowledge of the good should be the governors in a city state. His strong interest in metaphysics is demonstrated in The Republic various times: for example, the similes of the cave, the sun, and the line, and his theory of the forms. Because he is so involved in metaphysics, his views on politics are more theoretical as opposed to actual. Aristotle, contrarily, holds the view that politics is the art of ruling and being ruled in turn. In The Politics, he attempts to outline a way of governing that would be ideal for an actual state. Balance is a main word in discussing Aristotle because he believes it is the necessary element to creating a stable government. His less metaphysical approach to politics makes Aristotle more in tune with the modern world, yet he is far from modern. Plato’s concept of what politics and government should be is a direct result of his belief in the theory of forms. The theory of forms basically states that there is a higher â€Å"form† for everything that exists in the world. Each material thing is simply a representation of the real thing which is the form. According to Plato, most people cannot see the forms, they only see their representation or their shadows, as in the simile of the cave. Only those who love knowledge and contemplate on the reality of things will achieve understanding of the forms. Philosophers, who by definition are knowledge lovers, are the only beings who can reach true knowledge. This concept has to be taken a step further because in The Republic, Plato states that philosophers should be the rulers since they are the only ones who hold the form of the good. Plato seems to be saying that it is not enough to know the forms of tables or trees, one must know the greatest form–form of the good–in order to rule. The reasoning is: if you know the good, then you will do the good. Therefore, philosopher rulers are by far the most apt to rule. In The Republic, Plato builds around the idea of Philosopher Rulers. Even though it is not his primary point, it certainly is at the core of his discussion of the ideal state. The question that arises is, ‘Why do you need ideal states which will have philosophers as rulers? ‘ There are many layers to the answer of this question. The first thing is that a state cannot be ideal without having philosophers as rulers. This answer leads to the question, ‘Then why do you need ideal states to begin with? ‘ The Republic starts with a discussion of Justice which leads to the creation of the ideal state. The reason why an ideal state is needed is to guarantee the existence of Justice. This does not mean, though, that there cannot be states without Justice. Actually, Plato provides at least two reasons why the formation of a state cannot be avoided. These are: 1. human beings are not self-sufficient so they need to live in a social environment, and 2.each person has a natural aptitude for a specified task and should concentrate on developing it (The Republic, pp 56-62). Although a person is not self-sufficient, a composition of people–a state–satisfies the needs of all its members. Furthermore, members can specialize on their natural fortitudes and become more productive members of society. States are going to form, whether purposefully or coincidentally. For this reason, certain rules have to be enacted for the well-being of the state. The main way to institutionalize rules is through government and in the form of laws. Plato’s The Republic is not an explication of laws of the people. It is a separation of power amongst three classes–Rulers, Auxiliaries, Commoners–that makes the most of each person’s natural abilities and strives for the good of the community. The point is to create a harmonious unity amongst the three classes which will lead to the greater good of the community and, consequently, each individual. The three classes are a product of different aptitude levels for certain tasks amid various individuals. Plato assigns different political roles to different members of each class. It appears that the only classes that are allowed to participate in government are the Auxiliaries and, of course, the Philosopher Rulers. The lower class does not partake in politics because they are not mentally able. In other words, they do not understand the concept of the forms. Thus, it is better to allow the Philosophers, who do have this knowledge, to lead them. Providing food and abode for the Guardians is the only governmental responsibility the lower class has. The Auxiliaries are in charge of the military, police, and executive duties. Ruling and making laws is reserved for the Philosopher Rulers whose actions are all intended for the good of the state. To ensure that public good continues to be foremost on each Ruler’s agenda, the Rulers live in community housing, hold wives/children in common, and do not own private property. The separation of classes is understood by everybody Self-interest, which could be a negative factor in the scheme of things, is eliminated through a very moral oriented education system. All these provisions are generated to maintain unity of the state. The most extravagant precaution that Plato takes is the Foundation Myth of the metals. By making the people believe, through a myth, that the distinction of each class is biological as well as moral, Plato reassures that there won’t be any disruption in the harmony of the state. Whereas Plato’s The Republic is a text whose goal is to define Justice and in doing so uses the polis, Aristotle’s The Politics’s sole function is to define itself–define politics. Aristotle begins his text by answering the question: â€Å"Why does the state exist? † His answer is that the state is the culmination of natural associations that start with the joining of man and woman (â€Å"pair†), which have a family and form a â€Å"household†; households unite and form villages; villages unite and form the state. This natural order of events is what is best because it provides for the needs of all the individuals. Aristotle, like Plato, believes that a person is not self-reliant. This lack of sufficiency is the catalyst in the escalating order of unions among people. In The Politics, it appears that Aristotle is not very set on breaking down society. His argument says that there are different classes in society, but they are naturally defined. For example, he devotes a lot of time to an explanation of the â€Å"naturalness† of slaves and their role in society. Aristotle is also very sexist and explicitly states so. His view is that women are inferior to men in all senses. Perhaps the most pertaining to our discussion is the citizen, whose role is purely political. Both Plato and Aristotle seem to agree that some people are not capable of practicing an active role in political life. Plato’s reason is that the lower class is not mentally adept for the intricacies of higher knowledge on the good. Aristotle seems to base his opinion on a more political issue. He believes that only those that fully participate in their government should be considered citizens of the state. For this reason, he excludes workers as citizens because they would not have the required time to openly participate in politicking. The Aristotelian polis, as opposed to Plato’s, is a city with a large middle class which promotes stability and balances the conflicting claims of the poor and the rich. Aristotle combines elements of democracy with elements of aristocracy, again to balance opposing claims. Because he is aware that human interest is an inextricable entity, the distribution of scarce and valuable goods is in proportion to contribution to the good of the polis. This system provides for the self interested who believe that those who work harder should receive more. Another point is that the citizens rule and are ruled in turn, insofar as the mixed social system allows. This is permissible because of the strong involvement of the citizens in government; it is what one would call a â€Å"true democracy. † Overall, a spirit of moderation prevails. The philosophies of Aristotle and Plato have been around for over sixteen centuries, yet today it is difficult to find specific instances where either philosophy is applied. This may be a result of the fact that today’s political philosophy differs from both philosopher’s. While Aristotle and Plato uphold the good of the community or state above individual good, today’s constitution includes a bill of rights that guarantees the rights of each individual in the nation. Having these individual rights is a necessity for today’s citizens. Going back in history to 1787 will show that one of the reasons there was controversy in the ratification of the constitution was that it did not include a Bill of Rights. When the drafters promised that as soon as the constitution was ratified, a Bill of Rights would be added, the doubting states proceeded to ratify it. According to Plato and Aristotle, a Bill of Rights is not necessary because it does not improve the good of the community. Another point of discrepancy between the philosophers and today’s society involves the topic of slavery. Aristotle argues for the naturalness of slavery in The Politics, yet slavery has been considered grotesque for quite some time. In correlation to slavery, there is the undermining of the female population by Aristotle. Although Plato is a lot less discriminatory, he also believes women are the sub-species. While women have had to fight endless battles to achieve the recognition they deserve, today it is a well accepted fact (generally) that women are as capable as men in performing tasks. Naturally, since Aristotle and Plato have been around for such a long time, our society certainly contains some of their influences in a general sense. For example, today it is believed that certain people are born with certain capacities. Intelligence has been attributed to genetics. Because of the different intelligence levels among people, we have different classes–for example: advanced, intermediate, and beginners. In their appropriate level, each person develops his or her abilities to the highest potential. This concept is sometimes at odds with the ideal of equality, ie. we are all human beings. Yet, in essence, it does not take away from the ideal because we are all humans, but we differ in certain capacity levels to complete tasks. Plato’s and Aristotle’s philosophy have helped shape present thought, though, by no means, mandate our practices. The philosophers are very community oriented while we value the individual. Besides differing with today’s standards, each philosopher is in his own way distinct. Plato is very attracted to metaphysical philosophy, while Aristotle is much more methodical. Both perspective views are and will continue to puzzle students for years to come.

Morality Play Essay

* Popular from the early 1400s to the 1580s. * Morality plays were about the fate of a single individual’s soul. * The main character represented all men and often had a name such as Mankind or Everyman to demonstrate their allegorical function. * They include vice and temptation characters attempt to corrupt the Everyman figure. * Allegorical characters also represent virtues. The ‘Everyman’ character listens to them and takes note of warnings, often returning briefly to his ‘good’ lifestyle. * A reform/relapse pattern is repeated several times. * Through a series of blunders and moral lessons the hero is gradually educated into an understanding of the difference between right and wrong and the nature of god. * At the end, the main character settles his accounts with God and either lives or dies forgiven and Christian. He is wiser and better at the end of the play. * A chorus, such as the Messenger and Doctor characters in Everyman, is used to comment on and explain the action for the audience. Elements of Renaissance plays. * Contain soliloquies in which a highly distinct self reflects upon his own desires and actions. * Celebrate the scope of human powers while acknowledging their boundaries; there is a duality at work which praises man’s creative powers (by implication also those of the poet, or author) but concedes that man is not God and that ultimately all his powers derive from God. * They begin to refer to the new countries and things being discovered by explorers, mentioning exotic settings and transporting their audiences around the world. Renaissance ideas * The body and soul are separate and linked with different elements and humours. * Catholicism was banned in England and the Pope was considered the antichrist by some. * Renaissance scholars studied classical literature, including Roman and Greek philosophy. Discussion of what it meant to be human centred on reason, balance and dignity – much more individualistic than medieval scholastic thinking. * The humanist attitude to the world was anthropocentric: instead of regarding humanity as fallen and corrupt, their idea of truth and excellence was based on human values and experience; people openly questioned religious theology and teaching. * The world was dynamic, changing and exciting. Plays explored the many contrasts between how people should behave and how they actually do, and the questions and contradictions thrown up by a changing world.

Reasons Behind Colonial Settlements in North America Essay

As a whole, I believe economic development had a larger impact on colonial settlement than religious concerns, but this varies with the individual colonies. Each colony had something different to offer England and a different motive for settling. New England came about because the Puritans and Separatists wanted a place to worship free the original Church of England. Virginia, on the other hand, was established at first as a trade colony and base for gold and precious metal expeditions. The Maryland colony was founded in order to further the cultivation of certain crops like tobacco. Religion was by no means pushed away in the colonies. It was a strong and meaningful force for almost all colonists; it Just wasn’t always their driving force. England held economic control over all colonies and did not let anything get in the way of that. Virginia became an agricultural settlement that brought large amounts of money to Britain. Religion was important and valued higher than everything except money. The colony of Maryland was given by Charles I to George Calvert, whose son (Cecilius Calvert) allowed freedom of religion to all Christian settlers in the colony. That was the biggest difference between Maryland and Virginia, who both became agricultural societies fairly quickly. Indentured servants were shipped to work the fields, which created a populous community and a strong economy. New England was created for more than Just a place for the Puritans and Separatists to worship freely. Because of American influence in English lifestyle (mainly food), the population doubled, leading to high inflation, a very unbalanced wealth distribution, and a plummeting economy. As a result of overpopulation and poverty, people were drawn to North America. Among the attracted people were Puritans and Separatists, who could both escape poverty and start a new colony based off of their own religious beliefs. These people were rebels in the eyes of the English hierarchy, and therefore received much less funding and support from the government. New England evolved as more of a family friendly colony than the Chesapeake Bay colonies, which were more business and economically focused. The Chesapeake Bay colonies were established by the English government for the sole purpose of economic development, while New England was founded by religious leaders escaping English intolerance. The Massachusetts Bay Company was moved to New England, along with the addition of three thousand Puritans by the year of 1643. The area sprouted busy seaports in coastal towns and farms in agricultural. As the population grew, New England became more financially inclined. Compared to other European societies, English colonies were as equally everyday life centered as economically centered. They brought their culture, religion, and everyday life to North America. New England and the Chesapeake Bay colonies had different personalities and goals when it came to economic, religious, and settling beliefs. The economy was a focus point for both colonies, but especially the Chesapeake bay colonies, while religion was the founder of New England.

Present your argument evaluation and counterargument Essay

Present your argument evaluation and counterargument - Essay Example s, the factors which forms and orients a intelligence includes heredity or genetic or natural factors, which will be imbued when the child is born, and the other being environmental or nurturing factors, which can tune the child as he/she grows up. One argument is that heredity or genetics ‘naturally’ establishes the basic foundation of ones intelligence particularly the physical aspects needed for intelligence and then will function as the â€Å"blueprint† for the further development of the individual’s intelligence. However, the counter-argument is that the environmental or nurturing factors such as cultural, social, situational, and many more factors mainly influences the child’s development and the evolution of intelligence. So, focusing on this Nature vs. Nurture debate, the discussion will be about how nurture plays the crucial role in developing and orienting intelligence than nature. Hereditary or the genetic transmission of certain physical characteristics from the parents determines the physical part of an individual’s intelligence and thereby personality. That is, as the child is born, it will inherit the physical components needed for intelligence especially brain as well as other genetic materials which will be exhibited in the DNA of the offspring. So, just as the child will inherit certain physical features like eyes, color, height, hair, and others, the child could also inherit the genetic materials, which have made their parents or even their ancestors intelligent. This focus on nature being the reason for intelligence was first started in the late 1800’s, coinciding and consistent with the scientific discoveries made by Gregor Mendel and Charles Darwin regarding the role of inheritance as well as natural selection. The first prominent contributor for this psychological perspective was Francis Galton, who in his book "Hereditary Genius: It s Laws and Consequences† focused on how intelligent and talented individuals naturally tend to

Event Risk Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Event Risk Research Paper - Essay Example This multinational event can help to determine not only basic risk management needs for events, but also provides insight into the specialized problems and risks that come with sporting events that are held at a multinational level. Defining risk management for different events is one that is essential for the success of any event. The first aspect of this is known as quantitative risk management, which is understood by how much risk is at a specific event, as well as how different organizations should respond to this. Measuring the amount of risk through political and sociological concepts can provide a broader understanding of the preparation that needs to take place as well as how one can respond to this. Models that are known to assist with the risk management are able to create thresholds, which defines how much an organization needs to prepare without moving over the needed components of the models. The mixture of security measures that are taken are then able to create a better understanding of what is needed with the event to create an elimination of potential risks (McNeil et al, 7, 2005). To effectively reach the quantitative analysis of an event is the need to understand the various factors that create risk. For instance, if the event includes a multinational component, then this will need to be a part of the risk management process. By doing this, there will be the ability to create a strategic model that will affect the way that the event is approached. The risks will then define the event through the organizing committee, stakeholders of an event and the individuals that are participating in the event either as athletes or as audience members. Creating best practices that are a part of an event and making sure that safety, security and avoidance are a part of the risk management can help to create a different response from those that are

Rhetorical Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Rhetorical Analysis Paper - Essay Example To conspire is coming together in a secret agreement in order to perform unlawful actions as a means of accomplishing lawful ends. Many scholars opt to use term conspiracy theory as a means of finding the secrets in either military, political deeds or banking industry that are aimed at taking away either power or freedom from citizens (Elinoff par 2-4). Many scholars have reasons why conspiracies are planned in society. According to them, conspiracies are a way of explaining power relations in social groups found in societies. Also, they are to bring to light the evil forces that are perceived to exist within these societies. Conspiracy theories touch on the obscurity found in much official documentation. They accompany most remarkable events, whether social or political. Theories give people a chance to pour out their feelings towards a given puzzled situation. Similarly, they allow people to speak out on what they believe is the real explanation of the unknown situation, thereby letting their powerless nature be known to many. This helps in avoiding instances of uncertainty thus people are able to create sense out of a given situation. On the other hand, conspiracy theories pin down the existence of noteworthy topics like the way science works (Jolley par n.d). This in return may lead to harmful repercussions to the entire public. People choose to believe in the conspiracy theories for one main reason; they feel that whatever is being given to them is only a fallacy. Most of the known conspiracies are created as a way of relieving tension in a given issue. In addition, they are created in order to hide some unclean mess within the involved group. In return, people tend to believe in them sometimes leading to the cropping up of many more theories on the same issue. Most of these theories are skeptical in their explanations since skeptics are crucial in attaining certain

Contemporary issues in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

Contemporary issues in management - Essay Example Besides, Boje applies a wide spectrum of academic formulae that is in the quantum age management to identify the diverse availability of the organizational storytelling purposes. In addition to that, he rejects the systematic conformity to professional bureaucracy, further alienating the managerial academics. Instead, Boje’s arguments lean towards standing conferences on management, international business academics and sources that support responsible civic friendliness. In a story â€Å"The true account of death by violence†, the author seeks to define the meaning of organizational storytelling practices. He sets outs to explain the difference between Washburn’s counter narrative and the historical narrative that was passed down along generations. Therefore, in this context, storytelling is a general declaration of the entire field. The above story is an important depiction of the sub domains of the wider storytelling. These are the storytelling practices and the organizational storytelling practices. Storytellers in an organizational environment make sense of the organizational past stories by playing the role of passing the stories down along the generations. The CEO in an organization, according to Boje, is not the only storyteller in the institute. Instead, everyone inside and around the organization bears the role of a storyteller. Despite this, the difference between these groups of storytellers lies in their positional power, influence and awareness. In a bid to explain the storytelling in organization, the author depicts it as purposive distortion, cons, exaggeration, gossip, lies, witch-hunt and rumours in the view of pragmatic storytellers. This is the main reason why the author redefines quantum storytelling. He observes that the competence associated with storytelling is steadily declining, as the societies are

Management Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Management Accounting - Essay Example The facts discussed above give rise to the importance of employing an accounting method which takes into account the full costs of operation. Consequently, full cost accounting allows managers to give an appropriate cost to the companys products and services to include a fair share of overheads to each unit produced. This paper will take a look at the presently used costing methods in business organizations namely traditional and activity based costing. The next section will discuss how cost accounting was traditionally conducted. Next, it will focus on the recently recognized activity based costing and how it is utilized. Lastly, this report will compare the two methods and apply them to real world examples to asses their relative efficiency. Traditionally, all costs were orinally fixed. In fact, cost comes from a Latin word which means â€Å"to stand.† However, developments were made as managers recognized the efficiency of categorizing costs into either fixed or variable. As we now know, fixed costs refer to administrative expenses which remain â€Å"fixed† in either busy or slack seasons. On the other hand, variable costs are those which significantly varies with the number of output produced and are dependent on business productivity. Variable costs are those which naturally â€Å"rise† or â€Å"fall† with business activity (Cost Accounting 2006). Traditional costing is one of the simplest way of costing products and services. In this system, it is assumed that costs are directly associated with the volume of production as a single cost is given to all products and services. Hence, this costing method presupposes that as the level of production goes up, so does cost. Traditional costing essentially uses unit-based costing which alloates manufacturing overhead based on the unit of products manufactured (ABC Concepts 2000). Accordingly, the traditional approach to

Managing Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Managing Resources - Essay Example However strategy exists in all organizations even though it may not be written down and articulated. It defines the organization’s behavior and how it tries to cope with its environment.† In this regard, the essay is written to address three-fold objectives, to wit: (1) to present an analysis of the case, Doman Synthetic Fibres plc (B); (2) to summarize two articles from academic and scholarly journals on the topic, managing resources; and (3) to link the case with the two articles on relevant and critical perspectives. As averred by Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2008, 13-2), â€Å"resourcing strategies are concerned with the two-way relationship between overall business strategies and strategies in separate resource areas such as people, information, finance, and technology†. The case would hereby highlight options for managing resources in terms of deciding whether what to do with the present product, Britlene, whose patent is about to expire and with a new product, Crylon, with potentials to replace it. Doman Synthetic Fiber (DSF) was founded by Wilfred Doman in 1946 as a chemical/synthetic fiber manufacturing company. Its main product, Britlene, was used primarily in the manufacture of heavy-duty clothing and accounts for 95% of total sales in 2006. The patent protection for Britlene was about to expire in 2008. As a foresight, the research and development department of DSF designed a new product in 2005, Crylon, with the same properties as Britlene but with more heat-resistant capabilities. The current Managing Director, Wendy Doman, is faced with the dilemma of deciding whether what to do with the present product, Britlene, whose patent is about to expire and with a new product, Crylon, with potentials to replace it. In a working party meeting in 2007, several personnel of DSF presented alternative courses of action which the company could consider with regard to the Crylon case, to wit:

Human Resources processes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Resources processes - Essay Example Finally, employee and union relations are significant to set up the mutual promise required among constituents in a winning organization (Loesch, L. C. 2005). More and more, human resource management activities performed by managers and employees all through an organization in these areas are imperative to spirited performance. Just as information management, excellence improvement, monetary management, and other functions are becoming dim all through an organization, so is the management of human resources. It's flattering everyone's job to build an organization that learns rapidly, adapts fast to change, is staffed suitably, and performs efficiently. The strength of this addition is represented at General Electric, where "Every attempt of every man and woman in the company is focused on satisfying customers' needs ( Kirkpatrick, D. 2006, 54-59). To frame our orientation in a sensible approach to evaluate teacher performance, this research propose borrowing from the realm of corporate, industrial, and adult training and using Kirkpatrick's (1959a, 1959b,1960a,1960b) four level model of training evaluation. This model of evaluation has been the majority reviewed and practical guide to assessing the efficiency of training in the mature world of work since its beginning in 1959. In this research training and development, Kirkpatrick reviews the model and notes that small of the content has distorted. He still posits that the efficiency of training, and this paper propose teaching, is best assess at four increasingly difficult and precious levels. These are the response level, the learning level, the performance level, and the consequences level (Kirkpatrick, 1959a). The rest of this research will define these levels how every can be used to assess the performance of gurus. Integrating Human Resource Strategy and Business Strategy A main way to attain addition is to recognize and address people-related issues in the usual course of managing the business and as part of the strategic planning procedure. Moreover, human resource issues commendable of management attention are as essential to the success of commerce as marketing, operations, technology, monetary, or any other issues. Nowadays, almost all business issues have people implications; all human resource issues have commerce implications. Furthermore, strategies, counting human resource strategies, may be more or less open, near- or long-term, general or exact, depending on the state of affairs. They give plans for actions that will achieve under attack results under conditions of change. Richard Pascale has distinct plan as "all the things essential for the winning functioning of an association as an adaptive device". Strategies are effectual when significant commerce issues are resolved or turn out to be less significant and are replaced by new up-and-coming issues. In this background, human resource strategies play a dangerous role in formative the ability of a business to manage wanted change. No doubt, human resource staff and operating managers be supposed to work together as partners in defining and addressing commerce issues and their human resource insinuation. An opportunity for addition is

Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Economics - Assignment Example However, these appreciations were very minimal, but the depreciation against the Peso was substantial. Part (d) On a broader scale, depreciation in the US Dollar will make its exports appear cheaper as the country trading with the USA can get more dollars for their respective currency in 2003 as compared to 2002. On the split side, the USA importers will have to pay more dollars to obtain the required Foreign Exchange for their imports, and hence imports will become more costly. In a nut shell, the exports will get a boost and the imports will be hindered by a depreciating US Dollar. However, if we look on an individual scale, the Yen, Yuan and Canadian dollar all depreciated against the US Dollar, and hence USA’s export to these countries might marginally reduce and imports may marginally rise. In Mexico’s case, exports will strongly boost and imports will decline. Problem 2 Part (a) There are two ways an investor can take advantage of this arbitrage. In the first alte rnative, he can buy Euros in the New York FX Market at a rate of $1.25/Euro and then sell these Euros in the Tokyo FX Market at a rate of $1.27/Euro to make a clean spread of 2 cents on each Euro he sells.

Health and social unit Essay Example for Free

Health and social unit Essay Outcome 1 understand the importance of equality and inclusion 1.1 Diversity- Diversity literally means difference. Diversity recognises that though people have things in common with each other, they are also different and unique in many ways. Diversity is about recognising and valuing those differences. Diversity therefore consists of visible and non-visible factors, which include personal characteristics such as background, culture, personality and work-style in addition to the characteristics that are protected under discrimination legislation in terms of race, disability, gender, religion and belief, sexual orientation and age. Equality- Equality means treating people in a way that is appropriate for their needs. For example, if someone with a disability wanted to board the plane and was in a wheelchair, it would be no good saying to them, â€Å"you have to take the stairs like everybody else†. What is needed is a way of getting on the plane that will suit everybody’s needs without showing them up and treating them in a way that is worse than other people. Inclusion- Inclusion is about equal opportunities for all pupils, whatever their age, gender, ethnicity, attainment and background. It pays particular attention to the provision made for, and the achievement of, different groups of pupils within a school. Discrimination- Giving preference over one kind of people over another because of race, color, creed, national origin, disability, sexual preference, age, maritial status, looks, etc. 1.2 In a work place discriminatin can diliberatly occur, I.E for example if you celebrate christmas and make everyone get involved with secret santa or christmas gifts but not everyone may not celebrate christmas some may have differant religions and beliefs,this is why you should see things with an  open mind and not discriminate anyone just because of your own beliefs. 1.3 By supporting a person’s equality you are treating them as equal and including them in all activities, you will be reducing the likelihood of discrimination Outcome 2 2.1 Equality Act Humans Rights Act GSCC = The General Social Care Council.

How can Employees be Empowered to Increase Productivity?

How can Employees be Empowered to Increase Productivity? 1.Preliminary title: Empowerment is essential to increase productivity among employee. 2.Research purpose: The out come of employee empowerment in service industry can bring long-term success. The purpose of this research is to analyse and achieve in-depth knowledge and understanding on employee empowerment in the context of service industry by comparing the perspective of manager and employee. And provide suggestions to service industry how to gain more productively through empower the employee. This result will be obtained by testing the efficiency of the employee empowerment variables. The earlier discussion on employee empowerment in the service industry has lead to the main research question. How employee can be empowered for increasing productivity? What competitive advantage ‘employee empowerment can bring for the company? 3.Rational On this era, the arrival of an information-based, knowledge-intensive, service driven economy has forced a massive of change on companies worldwide, most dramatically in the way they must redefine their relationship with their employees (Bartlett 2002). Hill and Huq (2004) argued that specifically, it emanated from the realization that traditional hierarchical ‘command and control organizations were struggling to meet the growing demands for flexibility and demands for flexibility and quality. The employees respond most excellent and creatively not when management does tightly control them, placed in narrowly defined job and treated like unwelcoming necessity. But instead, when they are given broader responsibilities, and encouraged to contribute and help to take satisfaction in their jobs (Walton 1985). Thats why now a day, employee of organization and how management manages them are becoming more important because many other source of competitive success is less powerful than they once were. Traditional sources of success- technology, protected or regulated market, access to financial resource and economies of scale can still provide competitive advantage, but to a lesser degree now than in the past, leaving organizational culture and capabilities, derived from how people are managed, as comparatively more vital (Henry and Maryle, 2002). As, organizations sustainable competitive advantage is its people that why management need to engage all the human resource to active companys long time success. In the modern world Empowerment is one of the key tools, which a manager can use frequently to involve and manage organizations people to achieve competitive advantage. As Campbell (2009,p8) pointed out that ‘‘People are your most valuable asset. To get the most out of employees, empower is essential. 4.Literature review: 4.1.What is employee empowerment? The aim of Empowerment to create a culture where employee have freedom to express themselves and have the liberty to make decisions about how they work, where there is always the opportunity to give constructive feedback, and where everyone is equal and approachable (Beaven 2009). So Empowerment implies give up central control, which will encourage speed, flexibility and determination of the employee. According to Campbell (2009), main meaning of empower employees is to give up some aspects of control. In return for giving up that control, managers will have more scope and time to look at the big picture and engage in strategic thinking. Styhre (2001) illustrated that empowermentis depicted by its proponents as the common denominator for recent managerial techniques and activities that acknowledge the individual employee as an intelligent, accountable, creative being, and therefore a productive resource for the company. Lashley (1997) argued that it is intended that through empowerme nt employees will be more committed to successful service encounters and will have the necessary discretion and autonomy to do whatever is needed to satisfy the customer. 4.2 .How to apply empowerment to increase productivity among employee? Different organizations choose to empower their employees to different degrees; at the lowest level empowerment the employee has no autonomy to take decision. On the other hand, at the highest level the employee is given decision-making authority and can control their own performances( Daft ,2001). All these employees are often able to affect organizational goals, structure, as well as reward systems. In order to empower employees, four different factors are Important. Those different factor work as an element to empower employee. Which will give the employees space to act more independently in accomplishing their jobs. According to Daft (2000) those are: information, knowledge, power and rewards. Information: In any organizations where the employees are fully empowered, no information about the company is held secret for employee. Thats why employees must receive every information about the performance of the company. 2.Knowledge: Before and after empowering employees every company need to give training for increasing knowledge and skills of employee. Which build up their problem solving decision-making capability. As by having power of knowledge and skills, an employee can be able to contribute to the goals of the company. Power: To make substantial decisions, employees must have the power. Which will increase employee involvement, confidante. Rewarding: The employees need to get rewarded on the basis their performances and companys performance. The employees can be more committed towards the company by having true appreciation through psychologically and physically. 4.3.Advantages: According to the literature, empowerment bring many positive result for the company like, quicker response to customer, communication and teamwork, employee satisfaction and increase their working value, reduce costs and economic profits, involvement, customer satisfaction/ recovery, increased employee efficiency, customer loyalty and new innovative idea for the organization (Campbell, 2009; Beaven, 2009; Bowen Lawler, 2002; Styhre ,2001; Lashley, 1997). Empowered employee is more productive, psychologically and physically healthy, proactive and innovative, persistent in the work place, trustworthy, interpersonally efficient, intrinsically motivated, and have higher morale and commitment than employee who are not empowered (Whitten , 2007). Earlier literature review has illustrated that empowerment can play a very vital rule in order to increases productivity among employees. Research need to be taken in order to gain better understanding this phenomenon on the context of present service industry. Now, research method need to chosen in order to complete the research successfully. 5.Research Methodology 5.1.Research approach Rossman and Rallis (2003) stated that there are two different research methods that are frequently used when researchers are about to conduct research: the qualitative and the quantitative method. A quantitative method is mostly concern with measurements and to generalize the result.This means that qualitative research mostly humanistic research, which makes it possible to interpret as well as understand a phenomenon. The purpose of this research is to analysis and achieves depth knowledge and understanding on employee empowerment in the context of service industry by comparing the perspective of manager and employee. And provide suggestions to service industry to gain more productively through empower the employee. As this is a humanistic research qualitative approach will be very effective to do in-depth investigation. 5.2.Sampling The researcher will select two service-oriented company to carry on sampling process. The reason for exploring different venues is to gather valuable data from different source. The method of contact to manager of relevant company for arranging interview session with manager and employee will through face-to-face, phone, or e-mail. 5.3.Data collection method According to Silverman (2001), there are four main methods used in qualitative research are: Observation Analyzing texts and documents Interviews Recordings and transcribing. The data will be conducted for the research in two distinct stages by the researcher to carry on this research. A short period of observation there will be done in the first stage. Marshall and Rossman (1999) demonstrated that observation entails the systematic nothing and recording of events, behaviours and artifact (objects) in the social setting chose for the study. At the second stage of the data collection will be involved a series of semi-structured, in-depth face to face interview with employee and manager with in selected organization. 5.4.Data analysis procedures: Marshall and Rossman (1999) suggest that data analysis is the process of bringing order, structure and interpretation to the mass of collected data. Miles (1994) have demonstrated two models for analysis. The first one is researcher can analyze a separate case (within-case analysis). Then presents results by creating tables, checklists and matrix around collected, qualitative data by comparing the theory with empirical data in these tables and checklists. It will be easy to see similarities and differences on this model. At The second model, the researcher compares the results from different cases in a cross-case analysis. Researcher will follow the first model where comparison will be made between literature and empirical data which be collected from manager and employee. The comparison will be done in order to identify patterns that would similar or different from the theory or literature. 5.5.Data capture At the time of depth face-to-face interviews with interviewees, research will use voice recorder that he can give more attention on interview. Then researcher will transcribe date fordata analysis procedure, it has probable that the result would bring more accuracy. 5.6.Reliability and validity To ensure reliability and validity, every face-to-face interview will be recorded and transcribed. Silverman, D (2001) argued that the quality of recording and transcripts has important implications on the reliability of conversation analytical research. For this reason, every transcription will be coded. 5.7.Proposed time schedule Assuming 12 weeks of period has allocated for conducting this masters research. Following this a proposed time schedule would be as follow: Period Activity 1st 2 week Initial literature review Next 2 week Complete participant observation Next 4 week Arrange and conduct interviews; transcribe and analyse interview data Next 2 Literature and further analysis of data Rest of the week Write up and submit completed thesis Reference: Bartlett, Christopher A., Ghoshal and Sumantra (2002). BuildingCompetitiveAdvantage ThroughPeople. MIT Sloan Management Review. Vol. 43 Issue 2.pp.34-41. Beaven, D.2009. People make the difference.Logistics Transport Focus. Vol. 11 Issue 6, pp45-47. Bowen, D.E. and Lawler, E.E. 2002. The empowerment of service workers: What, why, how and when. In: Henry. J and Mayle.D.ed. Managing innovation and change, Open University Business School, in association with sage, pp.243-273. Campbell, G.2009.Employee Empowerment. Quality.Vol.48 Issue 4, p 8. Daft, R. 2001. Organization Theory and Design, 7th Edition. South-Western College. Thompson Learning. Henry, J., Mayle, D.2002. Managing innovation and change. Open University Business School, in association with SAGE.pp61-73. Hill, F., Huq, R.2004. Employee Empowerment: Conceptualizations, Aims and Outcomes. Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, Vol. 15 Issue 8, pp1025-1041. Lashley, C.1999.Empowering service excellence in service. London: Cassell Publications. Miles, M.1994.Qualitative data analysis: an expanded sourcebook / Matthew B Miles. : Sage Publications, Inc. Marshall, C. and Rossman, G.B .1999. Designing Qualitative Research. 3rd Ed.London; Sage Publications. Rossman, B. G. Rallis F. S. 2003. Learning in the Field: An Introduction to Qualitative Research.2nd ed. California: Sage Publications, Inc. Silverman, D .2001. Interpreting Qualitative data, Methods for Analyzing talk text and Interaction. 2nd Ed.sage London, p.14. Walton, Richard E.1985. Fromcontroltocommitmentintheworkplace. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 63 Issue 2. pp77-84. Whetten, David A and Cameron, Kim S.2008. Developing management skills. 7th edition, Prentice hall.

How to write an environmental science essay

How to write an environmental science essay Environmental science is an idiom, which has come to encompass a wide range of scientific disciplines in order to provide an integrated, quantitative, and interdisciplinary approach to the study of environmental systems [Coupland 1997]. Although the environment has been studied for as long as there has been science, the recent interest in putting the pieces of understanding together to study environmental systems has come alive as a substantive, active field of scientific investigation starting during the 1960’s and 1970’s. This has been driven by the need for a large multi-disciplined subject to analyse complex environmental problems, the arrival of substantive environmental laws requiring specific environmental protocols of investigation and growing public awareness of a need for action in addressing environmental problems. In order to write an environmental studies essay these disciplines need to be brought together to fully appreciate the many interactions among the physical, chemical and biological components. Environmental studies is a very diverse subject matter and essays should try to deal with the issues in relation to human activities, economics, law and social science when answering the question at hand. When writing an environmental studies essay it is important to recognise that different titles suggest fundamentally different strategic approaches to essay writing. Jones et al, 1999, outlines this point by suggesting that essays can be split between non-critical (or descriptive) essays, which are more related to the chronology or uncontested ‘facts’ of an event, and critical essays, which requires the development of an argument through the piece. When writing science-based essays it will be this approach that lends itself more readily to the subject matter. It may be helpful to distinguish between ‘weakly’ and ‘strongly’ critical approaches in order to ensure that the essay presents the complete argument, and that the arguments are well balanced [Thomson 1996]. Weakly critical writing may involve evaluating alternative points of view, especially for the soundness of their reasoning and the legitimacy of their conclusions [Jones 1999]. It may well also involve developing your own arguments, and advancing your own conclusions; and may sometimes involve making personal ‘value judgments’. Strongly critical writing involves recognised the problematic and contestable character of knowledge claims. Here the writer needs to look at the presence of underlying values and assumptions (including those embodied in competing paradigms, discourses, rationalities and ethical principles [Thomson 1996]). In this case the writing is able to show critical awareness of your own, as well as other’s arguments, and it is this style that is more appropriate when trying to balance the array of arguments, over the various disciplines, that an environmental science essay would present. The basic structure on an essay has three main components: the introduction, the body and the conclusion. Each one of these parts serves to provide form and function in the communication of clear ideas, and each has a specific role to play that, when fully realised, allows for a continuous dialogue of logic, argument and erudition. The first element to address is the introduction, a vital invitation that should capture the reader’s attention and draw focus to the title of the piece. The introduction presents the aims, scope and procedure of the essay [Bell 1993], and should outline any limits you propose to place upon your discussion, to justify the particular focus you have chosen and clarify the particular perspective or orientation the essay will take. The introduction should also seek to outline individual arguments that will follow in the main body of the essay, summarizing how each supports the argument in question. When writing any essay the writer needs to demonstrate those areas that will be looked at and the rationale behind these choices in each case. These areas or identified topics can then be discussed in more detail through the main body of the essay. The body of any environmental studies essay is where the main thrust and support for the argument should be found. As the introduction delineates the key arguments that will be raised through the essay, the main body should address each point in more detail. Each paragraph in the body of an essay has a specific function. They can generally be identified by the topic sentence, which gives purpose to the paragraph and introduces the key issue, which will be addressed within it – in this sense each paragraph is constructed around a separate idea. It is also important to try and use paragraphs as transitions from one topic to another, so that there are no intellectual breaks between points of argument and the essay flows smoothly. Without these transitions they essay would read more like an outline, bulleting points one after another. To avoid this sub-headings are used extensively in the natural and social sciences (both of which are key components of environmental studies), and is a style characterised is scientific journals, which preserves the fluidity of a piece. Figures or tables should also be used in environmental studies essays as a means to present information, which illustrates, clarifies or helps to reinforce the writer’s ideas, and should be used throughout the main body. After the body of the essay has been written, a conclusion must be drawn, which should reiterate to the reader the proven arguments and their relation to the essay title. Writing clearly and concisely through the essay will allow you to develop better scientific arguments when attempting to conclude your argument. As aforementioned, environmental studies essays can often encompass a wide variety of scientific discussions as well as more humanistic debates and the conclusion should be able to transcend each of these genres to ensure that each argument has been communicated with a consistent tone. Throughout the piece a balanced argument should be put forward, the conclusion is the writers’s opportunity to synthesise their own opinion based on the evidence put forward. REFERENCES: Bell, J (1993) Doing Your Research Project. Open University Press (2nd edition) Creme, P and Lea, MR (1997) Writing at University: A Guide for Students. Open University Press Northedge, A (1990) The Good Study Guide. Open University Press Parker, D (1994) Tackling Coursework: Assignments, Projects, Reports and Presentations (DP Publications) Thomson, A (1996) Critical Reasoning: A Practical Introduction. Routledge Jones, P, Merritt, Q and Palmer, C (1999)‘Critical thinking and interdisciplinarity in environmental higher education: the case for epistemological and values awareness’, Journal of Geography in Higher Education, 23 (3), pages 349-57 Coupland, N and Coupland, J (1997) ‘Bodies, beaches and burn-times: â€Å"environmentalism† and its discursive competitors’, Discourse and Society, 8 (1), pages 7-25. Web resources: Iowa State University Environmental Science homepage.

The Rationale of Suicide in Bartleby Essay -- Bartleby Scrivener Essay

The Rationale of Suicide in Bartleby        Ã‚   One of the most strikingly confusing details of Herman Melville's "Bartleby" is the repetitive use of the specific form of his refusals; he "prefers" not to comply with his employer's demands. Bartleby never argues for his convictions, rather he refuses on the grounds of his preference. Such a vast repetition, along with its inherent perplexity, leads me to believe that the actual wording is symbolic in nature.         Ã‚  Ã‚  When someone is asked for his/her preferences, the question is directed to the individual's inner motives and desires. Any question addressed as a preference question, usually grants the consideration of the innermost inclinations. The lawyer never asked Bartleby whether he would like to comply or not, yet the latter keeps answering with the same term of preference; a choice of word that comes to show that Bartleby does not regard the demands laid upon him as intrinsically valid, he rather questions them in light of his inclinations and answers accordingly.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The lawyer, on the other hand, does view his demands as intrinsically valid. The lawyer represents society with all its requirements and demands. Society expects us to work for our living under the terms and conditions that it sets, but what if we choose not to? *   The lawyer does not make much of Bartleby's choice of words, he does not recognize the real problem; namely, Bartleby is neither interested, nor subjected to the rules of society      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bartleby's state is further clarified by the symbolic use of the walls and the dead letter office described in the epilogue. First, throughout the story he is depicted time and again as facing and staring at a wall. Staring at a wall can mean ... ...it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚           Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As much as we all strive to "see the full half of the glass," for some people the half is either empty, or not full enough. While those of us that have an incentive for life cannot understand how it can elude anyone else (in the way the Lawyer could not understand Bartleby), each reason to get out of bed every morning is unique and personal. Apparently not everyone has a reason, and the mere loss of a reason is a short step away from the loss of life.  Ã‚  Ã‚         * The assumption made by the lawyer, and for that matter, by society, that its values and demands are intrinsically a priori valid, are a matter for another interesting research, yet it diverges too much from our point.    Work Cited: Melville, Herman. "Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-street." 1853. Bartleby.com. 30 Oct. 2000. http://www.bartleby.com/129/. The Rationale of Suicide in Bartleby Essay -- Bartleby Scrivener Essay The Rationale of Suicide in Bartleby        Ã‚   One of the most strikingly confusing details of Herman Melville's "Bartleby" is the repetitive use of the specific form of his refusals; he "prefers" not to comply with his employer's demands. Bartleby never argues for his convictions, rather he refuses on the grounds of his preference. Such a vast repetition, along with its inherent perplexity, leads me to believe that the actual wording is symbolic in nature.         Ã‚  Ã‚  When someone is asked for his/her preferences, the question is directed to the individual's inner motives and desires. Any question addressed as a preference question, usually grants the consideration of the innermost inclinations. The lawyer never asked Bartleby whether he would like to comply or not, yet the latter keeps answering with the same term of preference; a choice of word that comes to show that Bartleby does not regard the demands laid upon him as intrinsically valid, he rather questions them in light of his inclinations and answers accordingly.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The lawyer, on the other hand, does view his demands as intrinsically valid. The lawyer represents society with all its requirements and demands. Society expects us to work for our living under the terms and conditions that it sets, but what if we choose not to? *   The lawyer does not make much of Bartleby's choice of words, he does not recognize the real problem; namely, Bartleby is neither interested, nor subjected to the rules of society      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bartleby's state is further clarified by the symbolic use of the walls and the dead letter office described in the epilogue. First, throughout the story he is depicted time and again as facing and staring at a wall. Staring at a wall can mean ... ...it.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚           Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As much as we all strive to "see the full half of the glass," for some people the half is either empty, or not full enough. While those of us that have an incentive for life cannot understand how it can elude anyone else (in the way the Lawyer could not understand Bartleby), each reason to get out of bed every morning is unique and personal. Apparently not everyone has a reason, and the mere loss of a reason is a short step away from the loss of life.  Ã‚  Ã‚         * The assumption made by the lawyer, and for that matter, by society, that its values and demands are intrinsically a priori valid, are a matter for another interesting research, yet it diverges too much from our point.    Work Cited: Melville, Herman. "Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-street." 1853. Bartleby.com. 30 Oct. 2000. http://www.bartleby.com/129/.

Steroid Use By Athletes Should be Banned :: Argumentative Persuasive Steroids Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is amazing what athletes will do to achieve higher levels of performance and to sometimes get the extra edge on the competition. Most of the time people do not realize the long-term effects that result from the decisions they make early in life. This resembles the use of steroids in a person’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Steroids became an option to athletes in the Olympics and other major sporting events during the 1950’s. But this use of steroids among athletes only became widely apparent when Canadian sprint runner Ben Johnson tested positive for steroid use after winning the gold medal for the one hundred-meter dash during the 1988 Olympics (Francis, 45). Now a skinny fifteen-year-old can just walk down to the local gym and find people who either sell or know how to get in contact with those who sell the drug that will make him envious of his friends. Steroids are an attractive drug. While steroids seem harmless to the unaware user, they can have a risky effect. Most of the time whether the users are new or experienced, they do not know the dangerous consequences steroids can have on their bodies and their minds. Though steroids cause a relatively insignificant number of deaths in our society, the banning of steroids is justified because steroids have a lot of side effe cts not known to the uninformed user.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though steroids are known as a somewhat dangerous substance, they are legal to have and to consume. There has not been a study that proves such possible side effects are linked to medical problems of steroid users (Rogak, 89). There are those who have pointed out several cases where someone has died and an autopsy has shown that the person was using steroids, but they claim this does not mean that it is a deadly drug as some medical professionals have stated (97). Some advocates of steroids believe that because steroids are legal, and because it is the decision of the user to take the drug, steroids are not causing a problem in society. Alcohol and cigarettes are consumed by millions of people, causing a lot of deteriorating effects on their bodies, but there has never been a ban on these items because of the dangers that they can cause. Why should steroids be different? Some people say that the wide spread use of steroids among athletes is forcing the young athletes to use steroids, even though it is against their standards.

Some Factors That Lead to Success in College

Several factors contribute to school success. A person's experience with education early in life has a great influence on school success later on. It is vital that infants and toddlers have access to quality education from day one. The socioeconomic status in which one is raised has an immense effect on school success. Wealthier children have access to greater, high-quality facilities and resources while poorer children often lack the basic necessities such as proper nutrition and quality education. It is important to note that each child also contributes their own contributions to their success in school. There are cases of people who rose out of extreme poverty to achieve great academic success. Exceptional Teachers Exceptional teachers provide students with maximum encouragement, motivation, challenges and belief in themselves. Teachers who believe their students are capable of the classwork help create a self-fulfilling prophecy. The student will begin to hold the same belief of themselves and act on it. It is therefore vital that teachers, parents and caregivers send the right message to students. Students need to know that their teachers, parents and caregivers believe in them and that they are capable of academic success. Exceptional teachers create a classroom culture of high expectations. They do not hold preconceived notions about particular students but believe that all of their students are capable of reaching academic success. Parental Involvement Parental involvement is extremely important to a students academic success. Children spend most of their time at home and the environment a student comes from determines their start of academic success. If a student's home is rich in books, that early exposure to literacy will usually mean a student starts reading early. Parents who are actively involved in their children's education ensure that their children are doing their homework. They also encourage their children to perform well in school and speak to them about the importance of receiving an education. When parents show an interest in their children's education this in turn sparks an interest in their children to learn. Self-Motivation Intrinsic motivation or self-motivation is another important element leading to school success. Self-motivation assumes that we are all born with the capability to learn and that learning can be an enjoyable process. Students who are self-motivated have disciplined themselves to concentrate on a task for the mere result of learning and mastering the needed skill. Students become self-motivated for many reasons. For some being self-motivated to achieve academic success will help them rise out of poverty, for others it will allow them to get into a specific college or receive an academic scholarship. Students who have a high self-esteem have a strong sense of self-motivation as they believe they are capable of academic success. Nutrition Students who eat breakfast regularly perform better academically than those who do not. Poor nutrition can have consequences such as cavities, obesity, weak bones and teeth, as well as delayed sexual maturity. Poor nutrition is defined as not eating the recommended daily servings of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Parents and teachers need to play close attention to the types of foods children eat as lack of vitamins can have severe consequences. Hobbies Self-esteem and social skills can be taught simply by encouraging students to take part in a hobby. By encouraging students to take part in a hobby builds competence in a certain skill. A hobby also allows students to build a sense of identity. Hobbies also keep a student from becoming bored. Hobbies also leave room for students to receive praises for their achievements. Read more: Factors That Lead to School Success | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/about_5387053_factors-lead-school-success. html#ixzz1Uc85N1gw

Bridgetone

The combative environment for Bridgetown as comfortably as the history strategy soon in use Prior to 1980, when the US market was dominated by US self-propelling manufacturers, competition in the manufacturing of automotive components was limited to IIS local suppliers. As impertinent automotive manufacturers settled in the US market, competition in manufacturing automotive components became more than intense.The scarcity and the expensive gasoline interest the inunct crisis of the end of seventies have to the loss of the market share to contrary manufacturer intensified the competition. Mike Lewis exculpate that despite having reached 65% vs. 80% (the orbit class uptime) through the productivity political program accomplished (tracking Of causes Of downtime, timing the lines , using uptime reports progress, etc. ) , ACE still need to outsource further lines its depicting system face to be based on manual, overtone and biased measurements of inputs.It lacks effecti ve cost accounting control supervision. Indeed, more cost (overhead) is apply to lower the cost (time of processes). The accounting system seems to be incomplete because it doesnt take into account the level of overheads. 2/Explain why manifold moved from class II to lass Ill after oil pans and muffler exhaust systems had been outsourced from the CAP plot of ground the processes and uptime were reduced, overheads were not rationalized, causing manifolds costs to bring forth 15% higher than competition.In such a competitive environment, where other manufacturer tend to lower all elements of the costs, ACE concentrate on only one line of reasoning (process and time of production), ignoring the cost of overheads. These were certainly increase because of the productivity program that involved redundant skilled employees being hired into pursuit the process, timing them, and filing reports.

Functional, Business and Global Strategies Essay

a. The module focuses on the high societys/divisions line of products level strategies and innovation(a) strategies. You forget need to answer the following questions.Anheuser-Busch Inbev is angiotensin transposeing enzyme of the largest breweries in the macrocosm. Currently, Anheuser-Busch InBev has a convergence harken of more(prenominal) than than than 200 beers, including global best-sellers Budweiser, Stella Artois, Becks, multi-country markers standardised Leffe and Hoegaarden, and strong local jewels such as Bud Light, Skol, Brahma, Quilmes, Michelob, Harbin, Sedrin, Cass, Klinskoye, Sibirskaya Korona, Chernigivske, and Jupiler, among early(a)s that hand helped to make the tout ensembleiance so successful. In addition, to their avouch brands, AB InBev owns a 50 percent plow trade in Grupo Modelo, which is Mexicos starring(p) brewers that own the global Corona brand. AB InBev in some(prenominal) case owns a 27 percent sh ar in the China brewer Tsingtao. (Workman, 2009)Since Anheuser-Busch InBev has a vast variety of securities industrys by dint ofout the adult male we could canvass different coifs in the action pass with these different marts. For grammatical case Western europium has a Consumer foul (declining stage of the life cycle). USA, UK France, Switzerland and Latin the States read a hop on market. easterly and Central Europe keep back a market that consolidation considered life cycle and Africa, China, India and Ind angiotensin converting enzymesia have a fragmented or introductory life cycle. To be up to(p) to do the analysis we will be considering the beer persistence life cycle stage as a entire, this stage harmonize to the analyst, the life cycle stage of the beer industry and Anheuser-Busch Inbev has already envisioned its maturity stage. In this stage harvest features may be enhanced in order to assort them from competitors, pricing is normally lower, distri scarcelyion is more intensive, and pro motion emphasizes brand image and product differences. (workman, 2009)Ghebrial,2009)1. Based on these product, market, or typical managency choices, what generic business-level system is your club pursuing?AB InBev has a elect a differentiated scheme pass unique or distinctive products to more kinds of consumers, where their main focus is to gain market share from highly concentrated and private-enterprise(a) US markets and also to focus on international increasing potential markets larding its global market. Because brands are the foundation of AB InBev, they enjoin major(ip) value on their family relationship with consumers.These strategical involvements can be traced cover version to the original establishments of both Anheuser-Busch and Inbev, before they merged. They naturalized brand loyalty with their consumers and due to this AB InBev has chosen to focus their current and in store(predicate) investments on particularized brands that have be to be pro beseem postulatent. These specific brands have been set as Stella Artois, Becks and Budweiser. To date, the brands chosen have outperformed former(a) InBev products and announced in the Q3 water closet Release on November 6th, InBev had gained or kept up(p) market share in octad of their ten markets (AB InBev, 2011).As for the differentiation strategy AB InBev we should expect products to be renovated and door to be a high prepotency in the keep fraternity (e.g. updating packaging and brand image). As a whole AB Inbev syllabuss to keep the original strategies that Anheuser Busch and Inbev had turn out to be effective (differentiation strategy).(Ghebrial,2009) 2. Discuss how your community has attempted to develop a warlike strategy to protect its business-level strategy. For example, if your partnership is run in an embryonic industry, discuss the shipway it has attempted to increase its warlike favour over time. If it operates in a mature industry, discuss how it has tr ied to manage the founding and rivalry.AB InBev has protected its own business-level strategy in many different ways. As a companys main mission to be the greatest beer in the world, they have achieved competitive strategies to be commensurate to protect their business-level strategies Sprinkler working out strategy, Aggressive merchandise Strategy and Consumer responsiveness plan of attack.Sprinkler Expansion Strategy As the worlds largest brewer, AB Inbev has the ability to contest in clean and remote markets as a strong threat. callable to their wondrous capital and expansion-based strategy, they can enter any market as a contention and shutdown competition to become the lead brewer in this market. As an mass note we can also chitchat this in domestic or already dominated markets because due to economics of scale they can achieve differentiated products at a low cost.Aggressive Marketing Strategy AB InBev has been characterized in the US and in international markets as unrivaled of the virtually(prenominal) aggressive marketing in the world, these is due to their differentiation strategy and the sprinkler expansion strategy. AB InBev utilizes their extensive capital to reserve as often as the market as they can and be able to be reckon one, in all markets they can. Another added value to this strategy is making all AB Inbev consumers brand loyal, this importee that they can retain their guests.Consumer Responsiveness Approach Consumer responsiveness hail or Customer-foc apply approach is the strategy that maintains this brand loyalty done the brand. I believe that AB InBev is one of the best breweries that respond to consumers in each way. As we can see in the chart below AB InBev focuses on costumer responsiveness to assure their business-level strategy.Ghebrial,2009)b. Your company is already doing business in other countries. AB InBev is the largest brewery in the world, and has as a mission to be the worlds greatest beer company i n the world. Having more than 200 brands and have expanded to more than 30 countries explains in simple statistics the product pattern of this company. As they explicitly target in their Annual financial statement At Anheuser-Busch InBev, we are focused on building a world-class consumer product company for the 21st century- and delivering on our transcendent potential for value creation with consistent top-line growth and expanding profitability in the world.AB InBev has not only shown this through the last years but has a consistent growth pattern through the years, as we can see in the devil pictures below, InBev the father company of AB InBev has grown through the years creating this brand loyalty and getting new companies to hand and become the greatest beer company in the world.(Ghebrial,2009)1. What strategy is your company pursuing to compete globally? In your opinion, is this the correct strategy, given(p) cost pressures and pressures for local responsiveness?The c ompany has established a well round plan to be able to expand globally Dream-people Culture platform, justifiedly Brands, Right markets, Industry Leading upset and Resources and fiscal discipline.Dream-People-Culture AB InBev are able to set about the execution of their strategies because their unique platform. The people set the major sustainable competitive advantage. The finish is based on accountability, integrity, continual progress and mindset of doing the remediate thing for the hanker run.Right Brands The Brands constitute a sorry advantage, comprising one of the strongest brand portfolios of any consumer products company, including 14 brands with estimated retail sales value of more than 1 billion USD. (AB InBev, 2011) The chosen brands empower a great advantage in creation able to expand into markets end-to-end the world.Right Markets The company positions itself in the right markets. A good share in most of the worlds atomic arrive 61 markets for beer, includ ing the industrys most lucrative beer market, as well as brazil nut and China. (AB InBev, 2011) The balance of their expansion and the fast developing emerging markets promotes profitability in the long-term.Industry-Leading Reach and Resources AB InBev has the ability to compete efficaciously on a global scale. Due to the Industry-Leading Reach and Resources, including their presence in 23 countries and uniform processes that ensure consistent process globally. (AB InBev, 2011)Financial Discipline Another major factor in this global strategic plan, is the competency of cost efficiency, which enables us to convert non-working money in areas as administrative overhead into working money to be devoted to investments in growth. (AB InBev, 2011)2. What major foreign market does your company serve, and what mode has it used to enter this market? Why is your company active in these markets and not others? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using this mode of entry? tycoon a nother mode of entry be pickable?Holding business in 23 different countries, AB-InBev has developed number one or number cardinal positions in diverse markets throughout the world, including northwestward the States, Latin America South, Latin America North, Western Europe and Eastern, Central Europe and Asia. As a major expanding company as we say in the preceding(prenominal) graph, we state that one of the major entry modes of AB InBev has been steady in acquiring or merging with powerful companies in the market of interest to be able to compete in a number one or number two position.The company uses this mode of entry to be able to compete in the get market, use their capital and become the leading company in the market. Having the power and capital, they prefer to enter the market with global brands hit the sack to everyone like Stella Arlois and Budweiser, as well as to adopt the current favorite beer (e.g. Corona, Quilmes) to compete as a global and local company. As we can see AB InBev is in all the major markets of the world being successful in most of them, as their financial statement says, they face markets where they can provide extreme customer responsiveness and achieve profitability and growth.In the below graph we can see what companies AB InBev has acquired or merged with to for the most important markets in the six regions depict before.AB InBev has chosen this method of entry, but there is one more specific entry mode that can be argued to be a better fit for the company and this is to form a on the whole owned business in the new market. This could bring the benefit of owning all of the business and creating a culture of their own and being as successful as they have been in their home markets.In my context this would be a mis cut and should not be done any other way than their original and current plan of expansion. By investing too much capital and taking the whole chance on their own they have a much better chance to take over other companies keep interchange their top brands as discussed before and enter the market with their world famous beer, that have exceeded revenue expectations in the past.

Coke Zero Essay

Coke Zero is the latest new product in the marketplace for hot coke and it appears that it is a success since it is.Coke Zero old has the word â€Å"zero† in it which already musical sounds a lot better than â€Å"Diet Coke† or â€Å"Diet metallurgical Coke Plus†. â€Å"Coke Zero† is straight to the point logical and automatically has the potential customer wishful thinking he (or she) free will not be consuming any calories.2. Why do you think that the hidden-camera educational videos used to promote Coke Zero were an effective way to reach based its target market? Do you many think a similar strategy with a viral marketing political campaign on the Internet would appeal to the main target market for Diet metallurgical Coke Plus?I think the hidden cameras were a good idea, but not completely original.Its something which a larger whole lot of soda drinkers good will be sad to go, logical and some of them are currently freaking worn out about it.Coke No Sugar, because the title implies, what does not include any sugar.

Diet cold sodas arent neutral since they just have photographic negative side effects and they provide no nutrition in return.Coke earns better economic gains than Pepsi due to the international marketing and promotion strategies.Faced with domestic market share, Coke began a collection of new its own internal flavor tests.Coke is among the brands deeds that are worldwide that are clinical most effective.

The customer perception couldnt alter logical and also make it few more appealing for men.Utilizing Demographic segmentation empty can truly help make or complete break a item.The item was targeted to many women who should get rid of weight logical and are worried about health logical and nourishment that is sex segmentation.The important distinction is the way they taste, due to the recipes.

Cat in the Rain Ernest Miller Hemingway Essay

Heming modality was an Ameri nonify indite and journalist. His distinctive indite style, characterized by preservation and deplete the stairs expressment, influenced 20th-century parable, as did his liveliness hi stage of guess and open run into. He produced close of his nominate amidst the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s. He won the Nobel think of in writings in 1954. Heming flairs parable was in(predi upchucke) beca go for the characters he pledgeed exhibited legitimacy that resonated with his audience. umteen of his industrial plant ar classics of Ameri squirt literary productions.He withdraw seven round novels, sixsome in the jump recollective horizontal sur caseful collections, and devil non-fiction deeds during his spright stock certifi spilless a pass on trey novels, quatern collections of gyp stories, and deuce-ace non-fiction works were publish posthumously. toss in the pelting is a foregather of fiction referring to the literature of interpretation. This bilge urine is a identical a mental 1 beca delectation the originator investigates homophile characters and their kins. The myth is told in the tertiary somebody narrative. The valet action of the myth admits the f use upure that the kats image organises massive turn of events in the accounting.We croup enjoin that it is symbolizationical title. The characters presented Directly. The text edition of the novel is non akin it is interruption off with the elements of interpretation and the characters dialogues. The while of the point is meant to puzzle before the recitation itself starts. on that point isnt completely usher in to the humbug, the ref knows energy somewhat the couplings past. write gifts his characters in a true extent of their lives. true computed tomography in the f tot alto add upheryfall d receive feather is approximately an Ameri fecal matter twint on vacomputed tomographyion in Italy. succ ession at their hotel the cleaning madamhood precept a gag and the story progresses from there.During the story it is make distinct that the suspenders relationship wasnt good. origin uses the retch stuck in the distinguish d averwater with cipher to criminal maintenance for it to mean the married charwoman wasnt extol by her husbund. So, the story begins with the verbal rendering of the hotel where 2 Ameri stops stop Palms grew and the noctilucent colorise of the hotels face the gardens and the ocean. We screwing verbalise that this shopping mall is real beautiful. tho hardly unrivalled topic breaks the peasant the pelting, thats why the couple stay in and exclusively if a cast in the precipitate attracted the tender womans heed.She treasured to pop surface the barf inside. At inaugural toilette ein truththing visualizems to be apotheosis a comfy live on the arcsecond floor, lovely fancy from the window. And unless the descriptio n of the come d stimulate evokes the style of tribulation in the reviewer. To impart office this teleph ace circuit of sorrow which is tangle up when it is peltingfalling, the creator uses much(prenominal)(prenominal) rhetorical tress as fit anatomical structures The fall dripped from the ribbon trees. The water stood in pools on the urti vomite paths. The ocean stony- bust in a grand credit derivation in the rain and slipped spinal column d avow the beach to come up and break once again in a massive line in the rain .We finish cross off that nouns rain, pools, sea fit to one empyrean the water. This rhetorical whatsis is busy by the resolve to urinate the automatic teller machine of inevitability. mass tolerate non dissemble from the rain. irrigate is all over it is on the ground, it is displace from the domain as though the temper weeps for something. here originator uses alliteration of sounds r, l rainwater dripped from the m edal trees, the sea broke in a recollective line in the rain, it brings the bike to the description of the wear. fork starts when the Ameri wad y offh wench sawing machine a guy cable in the rain.The drop impersonate down the stairs the disconcert and attempt to make herself so tamp that she wouldnt be dripped on. curtly the missy mat loyal passion to sterilise this claxon. It moldiness construct been a humble spectacle roiled, dispossessed retch crouching under the submit in the reverse squ atomic number 18. The teenage woman determined to go down and attract this cat. here we tar let onsmart introduce with her preserve. He is imposition on the cognize and drill and he has no relish to go issue in such weather for the cat his wife expects so much. Although he proposed it nevertheless rather expose of courtesy and he did not insist. feignt plump wet- he utter, that it wasnt a deal he verbalize it entirely to put something. b y and by we can receive away that the hotel-keeper gives to her more than help than her own preserve. Thats why she want the possessor of the hotel so much. punctuate the misss military strength to the hotel-keeper the rootage resorts to repeating She handle the perverting skilful demeanor he generatorized all(prenominal) complains. She wish his dignity. She desire the way he treasured to servicing her. She desire the way he felt up or so macrocosm a hotel-keeper. She wish well his old, dangerous face and whacking workforce . unconsciously canvass him with her unbiased(p) hubby she care him because he displayed a form of assist to her. He ever bowleg describe her.His solicitude can be explained by the fact that he was the proprietor of the hotel and it was his impu board to regard care of his clients, especially if they were foreigners. He exclusively treasured them to tactual sensation well-to-do and convenient. He displayed parental care and attention to her. whitethorn be the lady friend was abandoned to the hotel-keeper because he reminded her of her own amaze who was forever cordial to her. Anyway, it was so sweet for the female child to thumb almsgiving and care. The creator conjectures The pardons do her ascertain very dinky and at the similar condemnation authentically important. She had a transitory flavor of beingness of autocratic splendour.That is the reason she care him. He make her go through important. He listened to her every bandagingchat and request, and she k newfound that her every little(a) flightiness give be fulfilled, and that can not be said nearly her married man who never disturbed roughly her feelings. The advent starts when the young lady went on a higher floor in her room. The only chemical reaction of her married man was the oral sex if she got the cat. He did not honoring her disappointment. all at once the lady friend felt unhappy. thr ough her vicious monologue the source shows all her dissatisfaction with the life, beginning with the absence of the cat and result with her picayune nip off haircloths-b removeths-breadth. I get so old-hat of it- she tells active her hair, simply it is not serious tone kindred a male child that she is fatigue of. She is degenerate of a dumb life, of her indifferent and egotistic husband who the Great Compromiser deaf(p) to her despair. She does not say flat that she is not fulfil with her family life. and the referee can pay heed it in the context. She says I necessity to bend my hair sustain miffed and down and make a monolithic international nautical mile at the back that I feel. I involve to get under ones skin a good deal to sit on my work out and sound when I cerebrovascular accident her. She indispensabilitys to use up long hair to compassionate face good and respectable. She losss to create children and her own kinsperson whi ch she associates with silver gray and candles.And the cat in her dreams is a symbol of refuge, something that she corresponds with such notions as home and cosiness. The causation underlines the judgement of dissatisfaction development repetition. In intent repetition of the construction I motivation the reader can see the female childs turned on(p) state. This stylistic craft discloses her excitement. The ablaze tautness increases. And I requirement to eat at a table with my own silver, and I deprivation candles. And I want it to be parachute and I want to scour up my hair out in bm of the reverberate and I want the skunk and I want some new clothes . here is an typesetters case of polysyndeton. The plethoric use of the association and makes the members of count more outstanding and excessively serves to accentuate the young ladys state of confusion. The syntax excessively contributes to the onus of ingrained turmoil of the misfire. The writer advise dly avoids the use of commas in the girls legal transfer to show uninterrupted, without either pauses prevail of deliverance which testifies to her wound up excitement. This twitch whitethorn be regarded as the mop up of the story. hither the steamy tension reaches its highest degree.The girl throws out all her discontent, all her detrimental emotions which she hoard during her fit life with her husband. so the roseola of the culmination comes Oh, closed(a) up and get something to read says her husband. estrangement grows mingled with two people. The girl feels insulted and remain flavour out of the window. It is heretofore raining. The rain is present during the consentient narration. The significance when hotel-keeper passed her a cat is outcome. credibly pardrone didnt understand the mourning of the girl. only human advantage, a good-will are un homogeneous self-assertion of her husband. In this story, cat is the symbol of woman. cleaning woman feels l onely, dependent, and unhappy. She is just similar a cat in the rain wet, alone. She is neglect like a myopic good deal. She inescapably to be love (by her husband) and necessity interest, security, and comfort. Her husband doesnt appropriate importance her motifs, feelings. He doesnt practise her like his wife, so the woman doesnt like her life, her clothes, and her hair. She wants to bear a kitty because she wants give her love to this scummy kitty. In vomit in the rain we can see a unnoticeable idea amid the lines, author doesnt say it directly. Hemingways endowment fund lies in slurred mental taste into human nature.

Development Economics Final Exam

hence fol depressive disorders a hypothesis of employment from the nerve center age, wherein output is silent as an improver of matter, which is al 1 manageable finished gardening and the rake of new genuines. buck as a analogous reckon is root on the sp be- date activity inventions market place-gardening as having a suddenly rubber band summate hence impose is ever pronto lendable and does non slack attain is non deep on Its avow wherefore state of matter essential be utilise as a substance of drudgery and the however federal agency to step-up frozen down Is through and through farming or b be-assed material resources much(prenominal) as dig.The indicate that the surmisal of acres as a analogous part of w ar Is no monthlong tenable is that, in recent years, polish has been habituated a wider definition, thereof t is non barely restrain to areas which are recyclable for cultivation or mining, but as well as higher up and beyond the essential undercoat that earth-closet be seen such(prenominal)(prenominal) as forests, bodies of water, mineral resources, unpaid areas. sphere is stipulation quadruple demands which are non exceptional to agriculture and mining al genius. Today, in assembly line to absolute sparings, cut down is habituate for building, as slap-up for output of goods and work, for recreational purposes, etc.Attached to the musical theme of multiplicity is the concept of honour. such an arrest al starting times one to clear up that besides get down beingness vivid, it is as well as location-specific and dear. regard as Is assort Into Non- make map of quantify refers to the pull in humans receives from the move beingness of environmental pluss and does non consume to be get windd. This Is nurture classified Into every (1 ) pickax stinting value, wherein the asset wad be interpreted good of at a prospective time or (2) quasi- disp lume value, wherein asset earth-closet be kept for early drop, thereby reservation the military rank catchy to estimate.On the different hand, the using up-value is too classified into non- extractive or extractive. (1) Non-extractive covers the function that an environmental set leads without the motivating to extract goods or result some(prenominal)thing from them. pecuniary pull is not quick and requires planning, question and creativity to reite esteem this value into something juicy as a livelihood, which is frequently recognize in the long-run. (2) Extractive expend or pulmonary tuberculosis subprogram value refers to the use of goods that merchant ship be extracted in a flash from locality. This Is the most putting green example of argumentation valuation.Excessive declension such as In mill about and forestry, however, lavatory eradicate the asset. Compared to non-extractive use, monetary gains of extractive use are quick and accredited . Non-extractive dope be come along delved Into (1) recreational, which refers to the waste services which the sites at one time provide such as snorkeling, skiing, experience of innate(p) sites such as the carapace with parks, zoos, mountains, etc. In conclusion, land, as a besotteds of drudgery is serious in the lick of sparing nurture since the bidding involves the change magnitude practice of infixed resources.A modern font sector follows a aeronaut stream of output, which involves a great volume in the use of raw(a) resources. Thus, a superstar cultivation in output could mean a fundamental cast up in the use of natural resources. The contest therefore is to fox sustainable utilisation of well(p) resources. A dissolvent is to slander use of dependable resources. other is to market accepted resources in lodge to encourage them. In any case, such execution essential be taken in redact to determine appropriate utilization of land. . W hat is the subordinate residue snare? To what finis is community a business up to now as long economic development is refer? The low train balance wheel narrow down is ground on Richard Nelsons theory, which explains the relationship in the midst of tribe emersion and income harvest-feast. As income per pita cadaver below small level, because a existence growth tread that exceeds that certain income growth rate go forth ever confer the delivery tail end to a low level labyrinthine sense trap. . What is barbarian intellect? How rouse one rid subsistence production as lucid economic look 4.

Assignment #2 & Discussions 1&2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

naming 2 & Discussions 1&2 - strive theoretical accountis strategic to post that firearm exertions interpreted by an betimes fryhood educator mountain idle words to positivist outcomes for families and their pincerren, they goat in addition ill-treat them.The action I would earn in this postal service is to depart the maturationally charm hands-on activities as I let been trained. This is because this good quandary involves honourable debt instrument. Feeney & freewoman (2012) defines honourable indebtedness as the obligation to notice a chastely assort path. In this character scenario, I palpate the highest nose out of honest certificate of indebtedness to the infantile children I nurture and their families. It is definitive to situation that childishness is vital, of import and preposterous defend in the daily round of gentleman life.My overriding respectable obligation in this plight is to earmark awe and breeding in an environs and settings that are nurturing, safe, antiphonary and powerful for for each one and all child. I vex a province to stand the ripening of a child and article of faith objet dart respecting their various(prenominal) differences. I score a province to assistance children to learn, get together, and interact cooperatively. I besides commence a accountability to hike up childrens self-awareness, resiliency, competence, physiological well-being and self worth. I cannot hand this by teaching donnish skills to 4-year olds utilise deep groups, in the beginning annoy and occupation methods.Families play a vital and particular vastness office staff in the development of a child. consort to Feeney & freeman (2012), the families and childhood educators commence ordinary interests in promoting the public assistance of a child. economy of ethical organize requires earlier childhood to perform they indigenous tariff to run approximately com munication, quislingism and cooperation mingled with archaean childhood programs and sept so as to rear the childs development. In this respect, by and by fashioning the termination I do ground on the ethical responsibility I flip for children I teach, I will claim their families wherefore it is main(prenominal) to do so. share of